Multiverso journal

Transitional justice: An analysis from human rights and political philosophy in the 21st century

2025-08-27T14:41:19+00:00

In philosophical terms, transitional justice emerges as a specific modality of ethical deliberation that allows political societies to address the legacies of structural oppression and authoritarian regimes, establishing the basis for a renewed social pact that redefines the relationship between citizens and State, for the benefit of the general enjoyment of human rights. In this sense, the general objective of this research was to interpret the varied textual and contextual meanings of transitional justice, as a condition of possibility, to develop an analysis of this form of justice, from human rights and critical political philosophy in the 21st century. Methodologically, documentary analysis and philosophical hermeneutics were combined, through source selection criteria, textual analysis techniques and intertextual interpretation procedures. The final reflections highlight that transitional justice in Latin America reveals the ontological complexity of societies that have experienced deep historical ruptures, where the search for truth, justice and reconciliation transcends the traditional categories of law and politics to become an existential dialogic space of collective reinvention.

Doctrinal intersection of social control and human rights: A criminological and critical reading

2025-08-27T14:55:34+00:00

Critical criminology plays a prominent role in promoting and protecting human rights, especially for the most disadvantaged communities, such as the poor, migrants, and various minorities. On the one hand, this discipline of social control focuses on crime research and, on the other, critically analyzes the social and political structures that maintain exclusion and normalized inequality. Using a documentary research design, the objective of this research was precisely to analyze the intersection between social control and human rights from a critical and criminological perspective. Consequently, questions such as the following are raised: How have social control policies evolved in relation to human rights? How do hegemonic narratives affect public perception of the rights of vulnerable communities? The conclusion argues that social control (formal and informal) that operates outside the rule of law can lead to the systematic violation of fundamental rights, undermining public trust in control institutions. Therefore, it is important that any social control strategy be subject to legal principles and judicial oversight to ensure its legitimacy and effectiveness.

The world order as seen through the speeches of Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva: Brief readings and meanings from critical geopolitics

2025-08-27T15:10:01+00:00

The world order goes beyond the classic idea of a structure based purely on power relations between different nation states. This global structure represents an intricate discursive construction in which narratives, symbols, and systems of meaning are intertwined, functioning as mechanisms for legitimizing geopolitical power on a global scale. Given this unquestionable reality, the objective of this essay was to examine the transformations of the current world order through the systematic analysis of the geopolitical discourses produced by three leading political figures (Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, and Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva), using the conceptual and methodological tools provided by critical geopolitics. The intersection between discourses and interpretations allowed us to conclude that, in practice, the conflictive coexistence of these three discursive projects creates a polycentric and, at the same time, fragmented international context that prevents the univocal existence of any unifying institutional architecture. Trump's transactional nationalism, Putin's civilizational multipolarity, and Lula's cooperative geopolitics are not only different foreign policies, but irreconcilable political ontologies that generate tangible material and symbolic effects on populations, territories, and institutions in various regions of the world with histories, interests, and goals.

Civil War and Transitional Justice in Central America: The Case of El Salvador

2025-08-27T16:11:30+00:00

The consequences of the civil war in El Salvador were devastating for the civilian population, especially for rural communities, women, children, and organized groups such as trade unionists, students, and religious groups. Throughout the conflict, serious human rights violations were documented, including massacres, forced disappearances, torture, and mass displacement. Given this historical reality, using a documentary methodology, the objective of this article is to analyze the transitional justice process in El Salvador, evaluating both its achievements and its limitations more than three decades after the signing of the Peace Accords. In conclusion, it must be recognized that transitional justice has clear limits. It cannot completely reverse the damage caused or satisfy all the victims' demands for truth and justice. Its success depends on specific political, material, and ideological conditions, and it often faces resistance from those in power.

Furthermore, realistically speaking, judicial processes tend to be selective and fail to cover all the crimes committed, which generates frustration and mistrust among the public.

Notes for the categorical overcoming of cultural and moral relativism in human rights matters

2025-08-27T16:18:23+00:00

One of the main obstacles to the full enjoyment of human rights in traditional societies is precisely cultural relativism, which leads to a worldview of moral relativism that is, in its essence and existence, contrary to the universalism of human rights. In this sense, the purpose of these reflections was to modestly contribute some notes to the debate on the categorical overcoming of cultural and moral relativism in the field of human rights. The arguments developed allow us to conclude that overcoming cultural relativism in absolute terms within the realm of human rights requires a constant commitment to intercultural dialogue, education, and the dissemination of universal values. This intellectual endeavor not only strengthens the global defense of human rights but also fosters understanding and consideration among diverse cultures that, in certain circumstances, may learn from one another. By confidently affirming the universality of human rights, we ontologically recognize our shared humanity and, at the same time, establish the foundations for a more equitable and peaceful world in the twenty-first century.

The fundamental role of legislation for inclusive education

2025-09-01T19:58:41+00:00

Inclusive education is a term we encounter more and more often. The main objective of our article is to present the results of qualitative research that investigated whether residential support workers in children's homes are familiar with legislation related to inclusive education. Although residential support workers have already implemented the ideals of inclusive education in their practice, they need to be aware of its legal implications. Based on our results, we will discuss the need for greater awareness of inclusive education in the school sector and in other areas of our lives. We will also outline the benefits of inclusive education in the economic and social spheres. Above all, we will point out that inclusive education can only be achieved with adequate legislative support. In the conclusions, we suggest that inclusive education goes beyond simple academic goals to represent a social ideal, which is expressed in the idea of a community where mutual respect and empathy flourish. In any scenario, the symbiotic connection between schools and families is essential for the achievement of inclusive education.

The problem of truth discourse and post-truth in the framework of transitional justice. Philosophical reflections

2025-09-01T20:14:41+00:00

Currently, the idea of truth has undergone significant changes in philosophy, largely motivated by information overload and the digitization of the media. Previously, truth was understood as the coincidence between facts and what was asserted, which served as the basis for social trust and the legitimacy of institutions. However, post-truth emerges as a concept that points to how individual emotions and beliefs prevail over verifiable facts when forming collective opinions. Thus, post-truth refers not only to the dissemination of false data, but also to a lack of social interest in truthfulness, weakening society's ability to differentiate between what is real and what is fictional. Given these concerns, the objective of the research is to analyze how the circulation of post-truth discourses can affect the search for justice and the reconstruction of historical memory in post-conflict societies. In the conclusions, the results obtained through the documentary method affirm that truth must be defended, in every place and at every moment, as a collective right and duty, integrating the voices of victims and historically excluded sectors.

Brief considerations on human dignity and the rights of nature. Readings from a constitutional approach to ecological justice

2025-09-12T02:55:45+00:00

Using a documentary methodology, we analyze certain legal and philosophical elements that integrate human dignity with the rights of ecosystems, to promote an ideal of justice that includes all forms of life. In this regard, ecological justice places us in nature as subjects of law, its main legal requirement being that it can be duly valued by human beings, that is, respected from a harmonious interrelationship, where there is no room for its instrumentalization or exploitation by a humanity that has gone to the extreme of prioritizing the reproduction of capital at the expense of the destruction of ecological balance. The interpretations allow us to conclude that, at present, the simple recognition of human dignity is not sufficient to sustain the defense of the fundamental human right: life. At the same time, nature's right to exist in optimal circumstances must be promoted, as this will allow the lives of humans and non-humans to endure over time. In this scenario, ecological justice positions nature as a subject of law, demanding that humans value it appropriately, which implies respect based on a harmonious interrelationship.